Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. Elements are presented in increasing atomic number. The main body of the table is a 18 × 7 grid, and elements with the same number of valence electrons are kept together in groups, such as the halogens and the noble gases.  Using periodic trends, the periodic table can help predict the properties of various elements and the relations between properties. As a result, it provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior, and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences. Here is an example of what a periodic table looks like,

Group

Numbered from Group I to Group 0.

Group I → Alkali metals
Group II → Alkali earth metals
Between Group II and Group III → Transition metals
Group VII → Halogens
Group 0 → Noble gases

Similarities between elements in the same group:
- Similar chemical properties.
- Same number of valence electrons.
- Will undergo the same type of chemical reaction.

Period

- Numbered as 1, 2, 3, etc.
- Elements in the same period have the same number of principal quantum shells.
- The properties of elements across the period will change gradually from metallic to non-metallic.

Amphoteric line

A zigzag line on the periodic table separating metals and non-metals. Metalloids, which are elements with some properties like metals and other properties like non-metals, lie distributed along the amphoteric line.